Civil Engineering 2

Definition of Civil Engineering:

Civil engineering is field of engineering sciences, related to design, construction and maintenance of buildings, dams, bridges, tunnels, highways and other structures by the use of physical laws, mathematical equations and theories of mechanics. Civil Engineers utilize the available resources (expertise, materials, manpower) to complete the project in the given time span keeping in view the time, expenditure, environmental issues and physical hazards of the project.

Also known as the mother of all engineering, it is the oldest, broadest, most simple and useful of all engineering sciences. Being a broader field Civil Engineering is divided into the following sub-categories and / or fields.

Geo technical Engineering
Structural Engineering
Transportation Engineering
Water Resource engineering
Environmental Engineering
Earthquake Engineering
Urban Planning

What does a Civil Engineer do????

A Civil Engineer is responsible for planning, design, construction and/or maintenance of structures. Civil Engineer can work in private constructions companies, governmental public works organizations or in universities as a research fellow or a teacher. A civil Engineer can be a surveyor, a technical report writer or even a project manager.
Civil Engineer is able to do the following jobs:.....

Scope of Civil Engineering

Due to increase in the scope of civil engineering with the passage of time, it has now got diversified into many branches of study. Some of the significant ones include structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, transportation engineering, hydraulic engineering, environmental engineering and a few more important areas of study.

Engineers are employed by a wide range of companies in the United States, from small start up businesses focused on a new invention idea to large-scale companies that work on immense contracts. Engineers from different fields constantly work together to create successful products. When considering the design and manufacture of an aircraft, for example, the workforce behind the development will include aeronautical engineers optimizing airflow paths, analysis engineers evaluating the strength of landing gear developed by design engineers, electronics engineers developing wiring methods and pilot controls, ergonomic engineers designing comfortable seating and computer engineers programming the aircraft operation systems, including everything from the autopilot system to the cabin crew call system.

Civil Engineering

(Diễn đàn bachkhoadanang.net) Civil engineering was defined to distinguish it from military engineering. In modern usage, civil engineering is a broad field of engineering that deals with the planning, construction, and maintenance of fixed structures, or public works, as they are related to earth, water, or civilization and their processes. Most civil engineering today deals with power plants, bridges, roads, railways, structures, water supply, irrigation, environment, sewer, flood control and traffic. In essence, civil engineering may be regarded as the profession that makes the world a more agreeable place in which to live.
Thuật ngữ "Kỹ thuật công trình dân dụng" ban đầu đã được dùng để phân biệt với “Kỹ thuật công trình liên quan đến quân sự". Ngày nay, Kỹ thuật công trình (dân dụng) là một lĩnh vực kỹ thuật rộng lớn giải quyết các vấn đề liên quan đến quy hoạch, xây dựng và duy tu bảo dưỡng các kết cấu cố định hoặc các công trình công cộng, bởi vì chúng liên quan đến mặt đất, nguồn nước hoặc nền văn minh cũng như tiến trình phát triển xã hội. Hầu hết các ngành kỹ thuật công trình dân dụng ngày nay đề cập đến các nhà máy điện, hệ thống cầu đường bộ, đường sắt, các kết cấu, công trình cấp nước, thuỷ lợi, môi trường, xử lý nước thải, khống chế lũ lụt, giao thông. Xét về bản chất, kỹ thuật công trình dân dụng có thể được xem là một chuyên ngành góp phần làm cho thế giới trở thành một môi trường sống tiện nghi và phù hợp hơn.

A civil engineer is a person who practices civil engineering. Originally a civil engineer worked on public works projects and was contrasted with the military engineer, who worked on armaments and defenses. Over time, various branches of engineering have become recognized as distinct from civil engineering, including chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering, while much of military engineering has been absorbed by civil engineering.

Kỹ sư Công trình (dân dụng) là người hoạt động trong lĩnh vực Công trình Dân dụng. Với nghĩa nguyên thuỷ, Kỹ sư Công trình dân dụng thường làm việc trong các Dự án công trình công cộng và có nghĩa đối ngược với Kỹ sư Xây dựng của Quân đội, những người làm việc trong các Dự án của quân đội hoặc các Dự án có liên quan đến Quốc phòng. Theo thời gian, rất nhiều chuyên ngành kỹ thuật được hình thành và được công nhận tách biệt với ngành Kỹ thuật Công trình Dân dụng, bao gồm hoá kỹ thuật, cơ kỹ thuật, điện kỹ thuật, trong khi hầu như rất nhiều chuyên ngành trong kỹ thuật xây dựng quân sự đều đã được bao hàm trong ngành Kỹ thuật Công trình Dân dụng.

Civil engineering is still an umbrella term, comprised of many related specialities.

Kỹ thuật công trình dân dụng hiện nay vẫn là một thuật ngữ mang ý nghĩa khá rộng, bao hàm rất nhiều chuyên ngành liên quan.

General engineering

General civil engineering is concerned with the overall interface of fixed projects with the greater world. General civil engineers work closely with surveyors and specialized civil engineers to fit and serve fixed projects within their given site, community and terrain by designing grading, drainage (flood control), paving, water supply, sewer service, electric and communications supply and land (real property) divisions. General engineers spend much of their time visiting project sites, developing community/neighborhood consensus, and preparing construction plans.

General civil engineers can also be referred to as municipal engineers, though this term is usually reserved for engineers employed by a municipality.

Structural engineering

In the field of civil engineering, structural engineering is concerned with structural design and structural analysis of structural components of buildings and non-building structures. This involves calculating the stresses and forces that affect or arise within a structure. Major design concerns are building structures resistant to wind and seismic forces and seismically retrofitting existing structures.

Fire protection engineering

Fire protection engineering, also called 'fire safety engineering' is the practice of application of science and engineering principles and experience to protect people and their environments from the destructive effects of fire. The underlying branches of science are fire science, fire dynamics and chemistry. Fire protection engineers, often civil engineers by training, typically design safeguards that aid in fighting fires, such as alarm, sprinkler, and smoke control systems. They are also involved at the design stage where structural design work is being done, and they provide expert advice on materials choices and in the protection of structural members. They are also employed as fire investigators, including such very large-scale cases as the analysis of mechanism the collapse of the World Trade Centre. NASA uses fire protection engineers on its space program to ensure safety.

Geotechnical engineering

The main subject of the field of geo-technical engineering is concerned with foundations, soil properties, soil mechanics, compression and swelling of soils, seepage, slopes, embankments, retaining walls, ground and rock anchors, use of synthetic tensile materials in soil structures, soil-structure interaction, and soil dynamics.

Transportation engineering

Transportation engineering is concerned with moving people and goods efficiently, safely, and in a manner conducive to a vibrant community. This involves specifying, designing, constructing, and maintaining transportation infrastructure which includes streets, highways, rail systems, airports, ports, and mass transit. It includes areas such as transportation design, transportation planning, traffic engineering, urban engineering, queueing theory, pavement engineering, Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), and infrastructure management.

Environmental engineering

Wastewater treatment is a critical activity in environmental engineering, a sub-discipline of civil engineering.

Environmental engineering deals with the treatment of chemical, biological, and/or thermal waste, the purification of water and air, and the re-mediation of contaminated sites, due to prior waste disposal or accidental contamination. Among the topics covered by environmental engineering are pollutant transport, water purification, sewage treatment, and hazardous waste management. Environmental engineers can be involved with pollution reduction, green engineering, and industrial ecology. Environmental engineering also deals with the gathering of information on the environmental consequences of proposed actions and the assessment of effects of proposed actions for the purpose of assisting society and policy makers in the decision making process.

Environmental engineering is the contemporary term for sanitary engineering. Some other terms in use are public health engineering and environmental health engineering.

Hydraulic engineering

Hydraulic engineering is concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water. This area of civil engineering is intimately related to the design of pipelines, water distribution systems, drainage facilities (including bridges, dams, channels, culverts, levees, storm sewers), and canals. Hydraulic engineers design these facilities using the concepts of fluid pressure, fluid statics, fluid dynamics, and hydraulics, among others.

Water resources engineering

Water resources engineering is concerned with the collection and management of water (as a natural resource). As a discipline it therefore combines hydrology, environmental science, meteorology, geology, conservation, and resource management. This area of civil engineering relates to the prediction and management of both the quality and the quantity of water in both underground (aquifers) and above ground (lakes, rivers, and streams) resources. Water resource engineers analyze and model very small to very large areas of the earth to predict the amount and content of water as it flows into, through, or out of a facility. Although the actual design of the facility may be left to other engineers.

Construction engineering

Construction engineering involves planning and execution of the designs from transportation, site development, hydraulic, environmental, structural and geo-technical engineers. As construction firms tend to have higher business risk than other types of civil engineering firms, many construction engineers tend to take on a role that is more business-like in nature: drafting and reviewing contracts, evaluating logistical operations, and closely-monitoring prices of necessary supplies.

Materials science

Civil engineering also includes materials science. Engineering materials with broad application in civil engineering include concrete, aluminum, and steel. The study of materials also includes polymers and ceramics with potential engineering application.

Surveying

Elements of a building or structure must be correctly sized and positioned in relation to each other and to site boundaries and adjacent structures. Civil engineers are trained in the methods of surveying and may seek Professional Land Surveyor status.