20 words (1)

1. construction /kənˈstrʌk.ʃən/ (n) (Building): sự xây dựng

- She works in construction/in the construction industry.

- The bridge is a marvellous work of engineering and construction.

- This website is currently under construction (= being created).

- The bridge is of lightweight construction. (cốt liệu nhẹ)

- What's that concrete and metal construction over there? (a building)

2. aggregate /ˈæg.rɪ.gət/ (n.C/U): cốt liệu bê tông; cốt liệu cát; cốt liệu sỏi; hỗn hợp khô tạo bê tông; khối kết trộn, khối kết tập; material such as sand or gravel (sỏi) used with cement and water to make concrete, mortar, or plaster.
 * lightweight aggregates: cốt liệu nhẹ (lemenbros.com bê tông nhẹ)
* Abrasive aggregate: Cốt liệu chịu mài mòn
Cốt liệu chịu mài mòn: Cốt liệu kết hợp với vật liệu trộn đá mài để tạo mặt không trơn trượt. Cốt liệu này thường là oxyt nhôm hoặc silicon carbide. Cốt liệu cũng có thể được rải lên mặt đá mài mới đúc còn dẻo.

3. concrete UK/ˈkɒŋ.kriːt/ US/ˈkɑːn.kriːt/ (n.U): bê tông (a very hard building material made by mixing together cement, sand, small stones, and water)
* a concrete floor 

4. reinforce (v): to make stronger; gia cố, tăng cường, củng cố, đặt cốt thép
* reinforced concrete: bê tông có cốt, bê tông cốt sắt, bê tông cốt thép
 - He reinforced the concrete.

5. precast /ˈpriː.kæst/ (a): được đúc sẵn, chế tạo sẵn, lắp ghép
* precast concrete slabs (slab: phiên, tấm, thanh): tấm bê tông đúc sẵn
* concrete slabs: tấm bê tông
* precast concrete: bê tông đúc sẵn
* precast lightweight concrete: tấm panel - nhà vật liệu nhẹ (vilima.com.vn) (bê tông siêu nhẹ đúc sẵn)

6. cellular /ˈsel.jʊ.lər / (a):
* cellular lightweight concrete: bê tông siêu nhẹ (Gạch bê tông bọt siêu nhẹ); bê tông bọt
* cellular concrete blocks: gạch bê tông bọt khí

7. adobe (n): gạch sống, gạch phơi nắng không nung
* Unfired brick; Concrete block brick: Gạch không nung
* Gạch tuynel  (gạch nung bằng gas); ngói; gạch block
* gạch đặc; gạch 2/4/6 lỗ

8. mortar (n): cối, súng cối, vữa, hồ; (v) trát vữa vào
* lime (n): vôi (CaCO3)
* bricks and mortar: gạch và vữa hoặc hồ

9. plaster: vữa, thạch cao
* BUILDING MATERIALS: lime mortar, render (vữa trát) and plaster
- Hydraulic setting mortar: vữa ngưng kết thủy lực
- hydraulic: thủy lực; thủy lực học
- hydraulic concrete: bê tông thủy công

10. mason /ˈmeɪ.sən/ (n): thợ xây, thợ nề
* masonry (n.U): công trình nề (stonework or brickwork. VD: Vạn lý trường thành)
- The Great Wall of China is constructed of masonry, rocks, and packed-earth.

11.TOOLS: hammer (cái búa); hawk (cái bàn xoa của thợ nề); trowel (mason's trowel: cái bay của thợ nề)

12. contractor /ˈkɑːn.træk.tɚ/ (n): bên thi công, chủ thầu
* contract (n): hợp đồng

13. coupler (n): khớp nối, bộ nối, bộ ghép nối

14. admixture (n): phụ gia, phụ gia bê tông

15. structure
* infrastructure: cơ sở hạ tầng

16. Air compressor: máy nén khí
* to compress /kəmˈpres/ (vt): ép, nén, đè, nén ép chặt lại

17. to supply: cung ứng, cung cấp

18. to offer: đề nghị, chào giá, cung cấp

19. forth (adv) (formal): forward
* They set forth on their travels in early June.
* From that day forth he never drank again.

20. bid (n): sự trả giá; sự đặt giá; sự bỏ thầu; Hồ sơ dự thầu

BT Wordform

(tienganh)
1. His courteous manner is just ( deceive).........Be careful!
2. ( Impress).......young people tend to believe in whatever their idols say
3. That novelist is good at developing the ( precede).......situations in the plots
4. You can buy pens, paper, maps, and ( such).....at the shop opposite
5.The director has been in (terminate)......distress for the last six months since the last crisis
6.Not all the synoyms in English can be used (change).........
7.Surgeons wash their hands with (infect).......before operations
8.I found many interestiong (explain)........notes at the back of his book
9. The creation of independent states has led to a ( surge).....of nationalism
10. He argued that morality could be (concept)......as a series of priniciples based on human reason

Reading 1

(tienganh.com.vn)
Are you interested in seeing the beautiful fall foliage of New England but tired of traffic jams and overbooked hotels? Then this year forget the crowds in New England and see the beautiful colors of autumn in the Catskills. 5 These rugged mountains in New York State, just 90 miles northwest of New York City, are famous for the legendary tales of Rip Van Winkle, and more recently for the summer hotels that sprang up in the region during the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. Families trying to escape the 10 heat of New York City found the Catskills to be the perfect place to stay for a month or so each summer. By the late 1950s there were over 500 resorts and hotels offering nighttime entertainment as well as all kinds of outdoor activities. Famous comedians like Jackie Gleason, Joan Rivers, and Sid Caesar all got their start touring 15 the hotel clubs here. Since the introduction of air-conditioning and cheaper air travel, however, families have stopped coming to the Catskills in such large numbers, choosing instead more distant locations at different times of the year. Many of the Catskill hotels closed in the 1970s, but some remain and have expanded and changed 20 their facilities to meet the needs of today’s visitors.
Currently, there are many activities available to the traveler besides witnessing the changing colors of the leaves. There is an all-organic sheep farm where visitors can see how a traditional sheep farm operates. 25 There are also hundreds of miles of scenic drives in the area. Route 42, for instance, is an excellent site for spotting bald eagles. For more information on vacations in the Catskills, call the Office of Public Information.


1. What is the author’s main purpose in this passage?
(A) to promote the Catskills as a vacation destination
(B) to introduce visitors to famous Catskills entertainers
(C) to describe the history of the Catskills region
(D) to compare the Catskills to New England
2. The word “rugged” in line 6 could be best replaced by which of the following?
(A) barren
(B) rough
(C) tall
(D) lush
3. According to the passage, which of the following caused the decline in the number of resorts in the 1970s?
(A) television
(B) shorter vacations
(C) affordable air travel
(D) more traffic
4. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “legendary” in line 7?
(A) foolish
(B) perplexing
(C) mythical
(D) humorous
5. The phrase “sprang up” in line 8 most probably refers to something that has
(A) burst forth
(B) spread out
(C) operated vigorously
(D) joined together
6. In what season would a tourist most likely have visited the Catskills in the 1950s?
(A) fall
(B) winter
(C) spring
(D) summer
7. Which of the following most reflects the author’s tone in this passage?
(A) light and encouraging
(B) informative and scientific
(C) humorous and sceptical
(D) regretful and reminiscent
8. What does the passage imply that a visitor might be lucky enough to do?
(A) see fall leaves in color
(B) see a kind of bird
(C) work on a sheep farm
(D) drive on scenic roads
9. As used in line 23, the word “witnessing”could best be replaced by
(A) attending
(B) certifying
(C) viewing
(D) validating
10. As used in line 25, the word “drives” refers to
(A) excursions
(B) tracks
(C) paths
(D) canyons
11. As used in line 26, which of the following could best replace the word “spotting”?
(A) photographing
(B) seeing
(C) painting
(D) shooting
12. The author implies that in the Catskills there are few
(A) leaves
(B) eagles
(C) people
(D) sheep

BT Reading Comprehension

Flood in Dorchester

Dorchester, September 13
.....(1) six o'clock yesterday morning, the River Thames burst its bank and flooded a wide area. By nine o'clock the floods had reached the town of Dorchester.The main street was soon...(2) 3 feet of water. Fire engines arrived quickly to pump away the water, but heavy rain made their job very...(3)

Mrs Rose Willow, a...(4)nearly 80 years old, and living alone in her cottage, was trapped upstairs...(5) three hours. Finally, firemen were able to rescue her with ladders and a small...(6)."My cat, Tibbies, stayed with me all the time," said Mrs Willow. "She...(7)me a lot.She sat with me,so I didn't feel afraid."

The rain has finally stopped, the river level is falling and the weather forecast is good,...(8) the floods have done a great deal of damage. "Luckily, nobody was...(9) or injured," Chief Fire Office Hawkins...(10) reporters,"but it will take a long time to clear up the mess."

1.A.In B.To. C.At D.Until
2.A.over B.under C.through D.between
3.A.easy B.difficult C.quick D.clean
4.A.girl B.man C.lady D.child
5.A.for B.during C.while D.through
6.A.ship B.boat C.car D.bike
7.A.worried B.frightened C.bored D.helped
8.A.but B.also C.therefore D.so
9.A.burnt B.cut C.scratched D.drowned
10.A.said B.asked C.told D.spoke

Civil Engineering 2

Definition of Civil Engineering:

Civil engineering is field of engineering sciences, related to design, construction and maintenance of buildings, dams, bridges, tunnels, highways and other structures by the use of physical laws, mathematical equations and theories of mechanics. Civil Engineers utilize the available resources (expertise, materials, manpower) to complete the project in the given time span keeping in view the time, expenditure, environmental issues and physical hazards of the project.

Also known as the mother of all engineering, it is the oldest, broadest, most simple and useful of all engineering sciences. Being a broader field Civil Engineering is divided into the following sub-categories and / or fields.

Geo technical Engineering
Structural Engineering
Transportation Engineering
Water Resource engineering
Environmental Engineering
Earthquake Engineering
Urban Planning

What does a Civil Engineer do????

A Civil Engineer is responsible for planning, design, construction and/or maintenance of structures. Civil Engineer can work in private constructions companies, governmental public works organizations or in universities as a research fellow or a teacher. A civil Engineer can be a surveyor, a technical report writer or even a project manager.
Civil Engineer is able to do the following jobs:.....

Scope of Civil Engineering

Due to increase in the scope of civil engineering with the passage of time, it has now got diversified into many branches of study. Some of the significant ones include structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, transportation engineering, hydraulic engineering, environmental engineering and a few more important areas of study.

Engineers are employed by a wide range of companies in the United States, from small start up businesses focused on a new invention idea to large-scale companies that work on immense contracts. Engineers from different fields constantly work together to create successful products. When considering the design and manufacture of an aircraft, for example, the workforce behind the development will include aeronautical engineers optimizing airflow paths, analysis engineers evaluating the strength of landing gear developed by design engineers, electronics engineers developing wiring methods and pilot controls, ergonomic engineers designing comfortable seating and computer engineers programming the aircraft operation systems, including everything from the autopilot system to the cabin crew call system.

Civil Engineering

(Diễn đàn bachkhoadanang.net) Civil engineering was defined to distinguish it from military engineering. In modern usage, civil engineering is a broad field of engineering that deals with the planning, construction, and maintenance of fixed structures, or public works, as they are related to earth, water, or civilization and their processes. Most civil engineering today deals with power plants, bridges, roads, railways, structures, water supply, irrigation, environment, sewer, flood control and traffic. In essence, civil engineering may be regarded as the profession that makes the world a more agreeable place in which to live.
Thuật ngữ "Kỹ thuật công trình dân dụng" ban đầu đã được dùng để phân biệt với “Kỹ thuật công trình liên quan đến quân sự". Ngày nay, Kỹ thuật công trình (dân dụng) là một lĩnh vực kỹ thuật rộng lớn giải quyết các vấn đề liên quan đến quy hoạch, xây dựng và duy tu bảo dưỡng các kết cấu cố định hoặc các công trình công cộng, bởi vì chúng liên quan đến mặt đất, nguồn nước hoặc nền văn minh cũng như tiến trình phát triển xã hội. Hầu hết các ngành kỹ thuật công trình dân dụng ngày nay đề cập đến các nhà máy điện, hệ thống cầu đường bộ, đường sắt, các kết cấu, công trình cấp nước, thuỷ lợi, môi trường, xử lý nước thải, khống chế lũ lụt, giao thông. Xét về bản chất, kỹ thuật công trình dân dụng có thể được xem là một chuyên ngành góp phần làm cho thế giới trở thành một môi trường sống tiện nghi và phù hợp hơn.

A civil engineer is a person who practices civil engineering. Originally a civil engineer worked on public works projects and was contrasted with the military engineer, who worked on armaments and defenses. Over time, various branches of engineering have become recognized as distinct from civil engineering, including chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering, while much of military engineering has been absorbed by civil engineering.

Kỹ sư Công trình (dân dụng) là người hoạt động trong lĩnh vực Công trình Dân dụng. Với nghĩa nguyên thuỷ, Kỹ sư Công trình dân dụng thường làm việc trong các Dự án công trình công cộng và có nghĩa đối ngược với Kỹ sư Xây dựng của Quân đội, những người làm việc trong các Dự án của quân đội hoặc các Dự án có liên quan đến Quốc phòng. Theo thời gian, rất nhiều chuyên ngành kỹ thuật được hình thành và được công nhận tách biệt với ngành Kỹ thuật Công trình Dân dụng, bao gồm hoá kỹ thuật, cơ kỹ thuật, điện kỹ thuật, trong khi hầu như rất nhiều chuyên ngành trong kỹ thuật xây dựng quân sự đều đã được bao hàm trong ngành Kỹ thuật Công trình Dân dụng.

Civil engineering is still an umbrella term, comprised of many related specialities.

Kỹ thuật công trình dân dụng hiện nay vẫn là một thuật ngữ mang ý nghĩa khá rộng, bao hàm rất nhiều chuyên ngành liên quan.

General engineering

General civil engineering is concerned with the overall interface of fixed projects with the greater world. General civil engineers work closely with surveyors and specialized civil engineers to fit and serve fixed projects within their given site, community and terrain by designing grading, drainage (flood control), paving, water supply, sewer service, electric and communications supply and land (real property) divisions. General engineers spend much of their time visiting project sites, developing community/neighborhood consensus, and preparing construction plans.

General civil engineers can also be referred to as municipal engineers, though this term is usually reserved for engineers employed by a municipality.

Structural engineering

In the field of civil engineering, structural engineering is concerned with structural design and structural analysis of structural components of buildings and non-building structures. This involves calculating the stresses and forces that affect or arise within a structure. Major design concerns are building structures resistant to wind and seismic forces and seismically retrofitting existing structures.

Fire protection engineering

Fire protection engineering, also called 'fire safety engineering' is the practice of application of science and engineering principles and experience to protect people and their environments from the destructive effects of fire. The underlying branches of science are fire science, fire dynamics and chemistry. Fire protection engineers, often civil engineers by training, typically design safeguards that aid in fighting fires, such as alarm, sprinkler, and smoke control systems. They are also involved at the design stage where structural design work is being done, and they provide expert advice on materials choices and in the protection of structural members. They are also employed as fire investigators, including such very large-scale cases as the analysis of mechanism the collapse of the World Trade Centre. NASA uses fire protection engineers on its space program to ensure safety.

Geotechnical engineering

The main subject of the field of geo-technical engineering is concerned with foundations, soil properties, soil mechanics, compression and swelling of soils, seepage, slopes, embankments, retaining walls, ground and rock anchors, use of synthetic tensile materials in soil structures, soil-structure interaction, and soil dynamics.

Transportation engineering

Transportation engineering is concerned with moving people and goods efficiently, safely, and in a manner conducive to a vibrant community. This involves specifying, designing, constructing, and maintaining transportation infrastructure which includes streets, highways, rail systems, airports, ports, and mass transit. It includes areas such as transportation design, transportation planning, traffic engineering, urban engineering, queueing theory, pavement engineering, Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), and infrastructure management.

Environmental engineering

Wastewater treatment is a critical activity in environmental engineering, a sub-discipline of civil engineering.

Environmental engineering deals with the treatment of chemical, biological, and/or thermal waste, the purification of water and air, and the re-mediation of contaminated sites, due to prior waste disposal or accidental contamination. Among the topics covered by environmental engineering are pollutant transport, water purification, sewage treatment, and hazardous waste management. Environmental engineers can be involved with pollution reduction, green engineering, and industrial ecology. Environmental engineering also deals with the gathering of information on the environmental consequences of proposed actions and the assessment of effects of proposed actions for the purpose of assisting society and policy makers in the decision making process.

Environmental engineering is the contemporary term for sanitary engineering. Some other terms in use are public health engineering and environmental health engineering.

Hydraulic engineering

Hydraulic engineering is concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water. This area of civil engineering is intimately related to the design of pipelines, water distribution systems, drainage facilities (including bridges, dams, channels, culverts, levees, storm sewers), and canals. Hydraulic engineers design these facilities using the concepts of fluid pressure, fluid statics, fluid dynamics, and hydraulics, among others.

Water resources engineering

Water resources engineering is concerned with the collection and management of water (as a natural resource). As a discipline it therefore combines hydrology, environmental science, meteorology, geology, conservation, and resource management. This area of civil engineering relates to the prediction and management of both the quality and the quantity of water in both underground (aquifers) and above ground (lakes, rivers, and streams) resources. Water resource engineers analyze and model very small to very large areas of the earth to predict the amount and content of water as it flows into, through, or out of a facility. Although the actual design of the facility may be left to other engineers.

Construction engineering

Construction engineering involves planning and execution of the designs from transportation, site development, hydraulic, environmental, structural and geo-technical engineers. As construction firms tend to have higher business risk than other types of civil engineering firms, many construction engineers tend to take on a role that is more business-like in nature: drafting and reviewing contracts, evaluating logistical operations, and closely-monitoring prices of necessary supplies.

Materials science

Civil engineering also includes materials science. Engineering materials with broad application in civil engineering include concrete, aluminum, and steel. The study of materials also includes polymers and ceramics with potential engineering application.

Surveying

Elements of a building or structure must be correctly sized and positioned in relation to each other and to site boundaries and adjacent structures. Civil engineers are trained in the methods of surveying and may seek Professional Land Surveyor status.

Các thì perfect

Gồm có: the present perfect tense; the past perfect tense; the present perfect continuous tense; the past perfect continuous tense.
* Đây là link bài học rất đáng recommend (englishpage.com/verbpage/presentperfect.html)
* Link học về Past Perfect số 1 (englishtenses.com)
* Link học về Past Perfect số 2 (web2.uvcs.uvic.ca)

Phát âm Section

* steal /stiːl/ (v); stealth /stɛlθ/ (n)
* steel /stiːl/ (n)

Irregular verbs

* steal /stiːl/ - stole - stolen

Vocabulary1 (Intermediate)

Beginner - Intermediate - Upper intermediate - Advanced

* to clarify (vt) (explain)
* regard
* stealth /stɛlθ/ (n): avoiding detection by moving carefully; sự lén lút, sự rón rén (Y! Stealth settings)

Vocabulary1 (Upper intermediate)

Beginner - Intermediate - Upper intermediate - Advanced
* assumption (n)
-  These calculations are based on the assumption that prices will continue to rise.

* spontaneous (a)

-  His jokes seemed spontaneous, but were in fact carefully prepared beforehand.

Câu hỏi về Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh

Question 1: Simple past vs. Present perfect tense? (Thì Quá khứ đơn và thì Hiện tại Hoàn thành khác nhau ntn?)

Question 2: Simple past vs. Past perfect tense? (Thì Quá khứ đơn và thì Quá khứ Hoàn thành khác nhau ntn?)

tabid đấu thầu dự án

* CIENCO510 ta đấu thầu cầu đường (510.vn)
* Những câu khó dịch trong construction (ketcau.com/forum)
* Reading comprehension 1 đoạn về tuyển dụng (tienganh.com.vn)

Sưu tầm các đoạn văn ngắn

THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA (wiki.answers.com)
The constructed height varied from 5 to 8 meters (16 to 26 feet), depending on terrain and other factors. Its thickness ranges from about 4.5 to 9 meters (15 to 30 feet).

The Great Wall is one of the largest building construction projects ever completed. It stretches across the mountains of northern China, winding north and northwest of Beijing. It is constructed of masonry, rocks and packed-earth. At its greatest extent, it was over 5,000 km (=10,000 Li) long.

The Great Wall was built beginning around 241 BC and continued for several centuries. The wall was built mostly by making wood frames and packing them with dirt. In some places, notably near mountain quarries, the wall is made of stone.
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Transportation Systems (bachkhoadanang.net)

Transportation has always been one of the most important, aspects of civil engineering. One of the great accomplishments of the Roman engineers was the highway system that made rapid communication possible between Rome and the provinces of the empire. The first school that offered training specifically in engineering was the Ecole des Ponts et Chaussees, the school of Bridges and Highways established in France in 1747. and in England, Thomas Telford, roadbuilder, became the first president of the Institution of Civil, Engineers in 1820.
Modern highways are still built according to the principles laid down in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries by a French man, Pierre Tresaguet, the Englishman Telford, and a Scot, John L. McAdam, whose name has passed into English in the words macadam macadamize, and tarmap. These men designed the first modern road that had a firm footing, the surface on which the foundation rested. Their roads also included good drainage and a wearing surface the penetrated by water. Both tresaguet and Telford used a heavy foundation of stones, on top of which a base course of lighter crush stones and a wearing surface of still smaller stones were built up. Their roads were also slightly curved in a crown or camber so that the water would run off. Mc Adam realized that the soil itself could bear the weight of the road when it was compacted or pressed down, a long as it remained dry. He was able therefore to eliminate the heavy cost of the stone foundation by laying a base course of crushed stone on top of a compacted footing. The iron wheels of the carriages of his day ground the stones of the top level into a continually smoother an more watertight surface....
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